Countries by GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)

Ranking 2024

Values shown in per capita.

Analysis

GNI per capita, PPP measures the total national income of a country divided by its population, expressed in current international dollars adjusted for price differences across countries using purchasing power parities (PPPs). The World Bank defines this indicator as follows: GNI per capita provides values for gross national income per person expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate-based conversions. The data source is the World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator code NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD, for the year 2024. Coverage is strong: 198 countries carry data, 187 of them (94.4%) report from the latest year, and 197 of 198 (99.5%) have data from within the last seven years. All datapoints are classified as official quality. The dataset contains 29 extreme outliers using a three-standard-deviation threshold, driven largely by the wide range from $1,010 to $129,110 (a spread of 12,683%).

The top of the ranking is dominated by small, high-income jurisdictions and wealthy Gulf states. Bermuda leads at $129,110 (rank 1), followed by Singapore at $126,190 (rank 2) and Qatar at $121,900 (rank 3). Macao SAR, China ($113,320, rank 4) and Luxembourg ($110,650, rank 5) complete the top five. Norway ($106,830, rank 6), Ireland ($101,180, rank 7), and Switzerland ($93,420, rank 8) follow. The United States ranks 10th at $85,980. Among larger advanced economies, Germany ranks 17th ($76,180), France 27th ($63,880), and the United Kingdom 33rd ($61,460). Korea ranks 31st ($61,930) and Japan ranks 39th ($55,490), placing them behind several European peers on this measure.

The middle of the ranking includes a wide range of upper-middle-income countries. China ranks 78th at $26,920, while Brazil ranks 93rd at $21,590 and Mexico ranks 83rd at $25,460. India ranks 131st at $11,000, tied with Cabo Verde. A notable anomaly is Guyana at rank 43 ($52,290), placing it ahead of Portugal (rank 45, $50,730) and close to New Zealand (rank 42, $53,600). At the lower end, sub-Saharan African countries dominate. Burundi ranks 197th at $1,200, just above South Sudan's last-place $1,010. Central African Republic (rank 196, $1,340), Mozambique (rank 195, $1,520), and Somalia (rank 194, $1,630) form the bottom tier. Countries including Afghanistan (rank 187, $2,210) and Niger (rank 189, $2,030) remain clustered near the floor of the distribution.

Several limitations apply to this metric. PPP conversion factors are based on price surveys that are conducted periodically and may not reflect current price levels accurately for all countries, particularly those with limited statistical capacity. GNI differs from GDP in that it includes net income from abroad, so countries with large overseas remittance inflows or outflows may rank differently here than on a GDP-per-capita basis. Territories and special administrative regions such as Bermuda, Macao SAR, Faroe Islands, Cayman Islands, and Aruba appear in the ranking, which affects comparability with sovereign-state rankings. Countries experiencing severe conflict or economic instability, such as South Sudan, Sudan, and Syria, may have less reliable underlying data. The 29 extreme outliers identified in the dataset mean that cross-country comparisons at the very top and very bottom should be treated with particular care.

Methodology

This ranking uses the World Bank World Development Indicators indicator NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD, which measures GNI per capita expressed in current international dollars converted by purchasing power parities. The source definition states: GNI per capita provides values for gross national income per person expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate-based conversions. The reference year is 2024. The dataset covers 198 countries. Of these, 187 (94.4%) report data from the latest year and 197 (99.5%) have data from within the last seven years. All 198 datapoints (100%) are classified as official quality, exceeding the 70% threshold. The viability check identified 29 extreme outliers at the three-standard-deviation threshold. The value range runs from $1,010 (South Sudan) to $129,110 (Bermuda), a spread of 12,683%. Average year-over-year change across the dataset is 7.2%, well within the 50% volatility threshold. The unit is current international dollars per capita, and higher values indicate higher average material living standards as measured by this metric.

Sources

• World Bank