Countries by Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban (% of urban population)

Sixty-one countries, including Australia, Germany, Japan, and the United States, achieve 100% urban access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking in 2023, meaning every measured urban resident uses clean cooking methods. At the other end, South Sudan records 0%, and Burundi reaches just 0.1%. The gap between these extremes spans the full width of the metric's possible range.

Energy category

Ranking 2023

Values shown in %.

Countries by Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban (% of urban population)
Rank	Country	%
1	Andorra	100.00
1	Antigua and Barbuda	100.00
1	Australia	100.00
1	Austria	100.00
1	Bahamas	100.00
1	Bahrain	100.00
1	Barbados	100.00
1	Belgium	100.00
1	Brunei	100.00
1	Canada	100.00
1	Chile	100.00
1	Croatia	100.00
1	Cyprus	100.00
1	Czechia	100.00
1	Denmark	100.00
1	Estonia	100.00
1	Finland	100.00
1	France	100.00
1	Germany	100.00
1	Greece	100.00
1	Guyana	100.00
1	Hungary	100.00
1	Iceland	100.00
1	Ireland	100.00
1	Israel	100.00
1	Italy	100.00
1	Japan	100.00
1	South Korea	100.00
1	Kuwait	100.00
1	Latvia	100.00
1	Lithuania	100.00
1	Luxembourg	100.00
1	Malta	100.00
1	Monaco	100.00
1	Nauru	100.00
1	Netherlands	100.00
1	New Zealand	100.00
1	Norway	100.00
1	Oman	100.00
1	Palau	100.00
1	Panama	100.00
1	Poland	100.00
1	Portugal	100.00
1	Qatar	100.00
1	Romania	100.00
1	Russia	100.00
1	San Marino	100.00
1	Saudi Arabia	100.00
1	Seychelles	100.00
1	Singapore	100.00
1	Slovakia	100.00
1	Slovenia	100.00
1	Spain	100.00
1	Saint Kitts and Nevis	100.00
1	Sweden	100.00
1	Switzerland	100.00
1	Trinidad and Tobago	100.00
1	United Arab Emirates	100.00
1	United Kingdom	100.00
1	United States	100.00
1	Uruguay	100.00
62	Algeria	99.90
62	Argentina	99.90
62	Belarus	99.90
62	Egypt	99.90
62	Maldives	99.90
62	Tunisia	99.90
62	Turkmenistan	99.90
69	Armenia	99.80
70	Azerbaijan	99.70
71	Iraq	99.60
72	Türkiye	99.50
73	Bolivia	99.40
73	Mauritius	99.40
73	Vietnam	99.40
76	Jordan	99.30
76	Moldova	99.30
78	Colombia	99.20
79	Morocco	99.10
79	Saint Lucia	99.10
79	Ukraine	99.10
82	Ecuador	99.00
83	Brazil	98.90
84	Iran	98.80
85	Tajikistan	98.70
86	Syria	98.60
87	Costa Rica	98.40
88	Bhutan	98.10
89	Suriname	98.00
90	Georgia	97.90
91	El Salvador	97.80
92	Kazakhstan	97.70
93	Peru	97.50
94	Cuba	97.30
95	Tuvalu	97.20
96	Dominican Republic	96.90
97	Uzbekistan	96.80
98	Jamaica	96.50
98	South Africa	96.50
98	Venezuela	96.50
101	Gabon	96.10
102	Indonesia	96.00
103	Dominica	95.60
103	Tonga	95.60
105	Albania	95.20
105	China	95.20
105	India	95.20
108	Cabo Verde	95.10
109	Belize	94.80
110	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	94.50
111	Malaysia	93.60
112	Kyrgyzstan	93.40
113	Grenada	93.30
114	North Macedonia	93.10
115	Serbia	92.60
116	Eswatini	92.30
117	Thailand	91.90
118	Mexico	90.60
119	Nicaragua	89.20
120	Pakistan	88.20
121	Myanmar	88.10
122	Paraguay	87.35
123	Afghanistan	87.00
124	Lesotho	86.90
125	Yemen	86.50
126	Botswana	86.40
127	Marshall Islands	85.90
128	Sudan	81.60
129	Cambodia	80.70
130	Philippines	79.80
131	Zimbabwe	77.00
132	Mauritania	75.30
133	Angola	75.00
134	Côte d'Ivoire	73.70
135	Honduras	72.90
135	Mongolia	72.90
137	Sri Lanka	72.50
138	Fiji	71.90
139	Namibia	71.35
140	Guatemala	69.80
141	Montenegro	69.60
142	Samoa	65.30
143	Bangladesh	63.20
144	Kenya	62.60
145	Nepal	62.40
146	Senegal	61.00
147	Bosnia and Herzegovina	57.00
148	Republic of Congo	55.10
149	Vanuatu	52.30
150	Cameroon	50.20
151	Nigeria	48.70
152	Ghana	48.20
153	Burkina Faso	46.50
154	Chad	40.10
155	Rwanda	38.85
156	Timor-Leste	38.10
157	Papua New Guinea	33.40
158	Solomon Islands	33.10
159	Micronesia	31.60
160	Equatorial Guinea	27.30
161	Togo	26.40
162	Kiribati	25.65
163	Niger	24.70
164	Eritrea	24.40
165	Ethiopia	23.60
165	Laos	23.60
167	Tanzania	23.30
168	North Korea	22.00
169	Comoros	19.30
170	Mozambique	17.70
171	Zambia	16.80
172	Djibouti	12.30
173	Benin	9.80
174	DR Congo	9.70
175	Somalia	8.80
176	Haiti	6.20
177	Sao Tome and Principe	5.50
178	Malawi	5.10
179	Madagascar	4.30
180	Uganda	3.70
181	Mali	2.70
182	Guinea	2.60
183	Gambia	2.30
184	Central African Republic	1.90
185	Sierra Leone	1.60
186	Guinea-Bissau	1.50
187	Liberia	1.40
188	Burundi	0.10
189	South Sudan	0.00

Analysis

This metric measures the proportion of urban residents who primarily use clean cooking fuels and technologies. It is drawn from the World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator code EG.CFT.ACCS.UR.ZS, and is expressed as a percentage of the urban population. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels, meaning households relying on kerosene are not counted as having clean access even though it is a processed fuel. The 2023 dataset covers 189 countries, all of which have data from the last seven years, representing 100% recency. All datapoints are classified as official-quality, and no extreme statistical outliers were identified using a 3-sigma threshold. The metric spans the full possible range from 0% to 100%, a spread of 999% in relative terms.

At rank 1, sixty-one countries score exactly 100%, a group that includes high-income economies across Western Europe, North America, and East Asia, as well as Gulf states such as Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates, and smaller nations such as Guyana, Panama, and Uruguay. Just below the top, Algeria, Argentina, Belarus, Egypt, Maldives, Tunisia, and Turkmenistan all score 99.9% at rank 62. Armenia follows at rank 69 with 99.8%, and Azerbaijan at rank 70 with 99.7%. Countries in this upper band share very high urbanization rates and predominantly use piped gas, electricity, or liquefied petroleum gas for cooking.

The middle of the ranking shows significant variation. China and India both sit at rank 105 with 95.2%, alongside Albania. Mongolia appears at rank 135 with 72.9%, the same value as Honduras. Bangladesh ranks 143rd at 63.2%, and Nigeria falls to rank 151 at 48.7%. A notable anomaly is Bosnia and Herzegovina at rank 147 with 57%, placing it well below neighboring Serbia at rank 115 with 92.6%, despite both being European countries. At the lower end, Ethiopia and Laos share rank 165 at 23.6%, while North Korea appears at rank 168 with 22%. The bottom cluster, all in sub-Saharan Africa, includes Guinea-Bissau at 1.5%, Liberia at 1.4%, Burundi at 0.1%, and South Sudan at 0%.

Several limitations apply to this metric. Because it measures only urban populations, it does not reflect national access rates, which are typically lower when rural populations are included. Countries with very small or very large urban populations may present different dynamics than the urban percentage alone suggests. The metric captures primary fuel use and does not account for households that mix clean and unclean fuels. Reporting relies on national surveys and modeled estimates, which can vary in methodology and frequency across countries, potentially affecting cross-country comparability. The exclusion of kerosene, while grounded in WHO health guidance, means some households with partial improvements in fuel access are not credited in this indicator.

Methodology

Data are from the World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator code EG.CFT.ACCS.UR.ZS, for the reference year 2023. The metric is defined as follows: Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban is the proportion of urban population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels. The dataset covers 189 countries, all meeting the 80-country coverage threshold. All 189 countries (100%) have data from within the last seven years, and 100% of datapoints carry official data quality classification, exceeding the 70% threshold. No extreme outliers were identified at the 3-sigma level. Average year-over-year change is 2.0%, well below the 50% volatility threshold. The metric ranges from 0% (South Sudan) to 100% (61 countries), representing the full possible span of the indicator. Values are expressed as a percentage of the urban population.

Sources

World Bank