Countries by… rankings & curiosities

Countries by Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)

China ranks 1st in total reserves with $3.46 trillion, more than double the $1.23 trillion held by Japan in 2nd place. At the other end, Sao Tome and Principe ranks 177th with just $46.2 million. The gap between top and bottom spans more than 7.4 million percent.

Finance category

Ranking 2024

Countries by Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
Rank Country Value
1China3456024808739.12
2Japan1230666979042.45
3United States910036546651.5
4Switzerland909365744096.39
5India643042560625.54
6Russia597217063819.2
7Saudi Arabia463869589071.03
8Hong Kong425554111033.18
9South Korea418218648901.67
10Singapore383945953550.79
11Germany377935574356.24
12Brazil329732443813.38
13Italy290547246726.36
14France282857002813.83
15United Arab Emirates237931339945.4
16Thailand236933974075.01
17Mexico232035392464.82
18Poland223114909804.17
19Israel214543676669.81
20United Kingdom174597843325.18
21Indonesia155708275547.57
22Türkiye154773780178.17
23Czechia146281239761.97
24Canada119778473396.96
25Malaysia116229205257.76
26Denmark108405100882.54
27Spain107774094168.88
28Philippines106195050244.1
29Iraq100690954781.59
30Libya92893708178.16
31Vietnam83081854928.12
32Algeria83007108429.32
33Norway81241559661.5
34Peru79246042707.93
35Netherlands79129152086.19
36Romania73391248091.27
37South Africa65434957159.23
38Sweden62569356006.72
39Colombia61897968642.42
40Australia60404058269.28
41Qatar53987415590.4
42Kuwait50727942998.13
43Hungary46422357553.9
44Kazakhstan45807523139.26
45Egypt44921341018.47
46Chile44403009394.37
47Ukraine43780549772.84
48Bulgaria43698277895.97
49Portugal42434182603.51
50Belgium41449463816.15
51Uzbekistan41236890133.33
52Nigeria38612493466.6
53Morocco37133907722.79
54Austria35405646262.07
55Lebanon33301277509.62
56Serbia30484164151.25
57Argentina29559610350.78
58Macao29,391,736,000
59Guatemala24412418011.78
60Cambodia22505568572.54
61New Zealand22065156553.54
62Jordan21939099361.51
63Bangladesh21394795733.04
64Pakistan18407745860.67
65Oman18286526118
66Finland17992736653.45
67Uruguay17377698943.22
68Greece15221540695
69Slovakia14451734758.15
70Angola14242892504.63
71Costa Rica14177018013.52
72Dominican Republic13471257812.87
73Azerbaijan12699124299.91
74Ireland12697664211.81
75Nepal12456122668.89
76Kenya10066607177.35
77Paraguay9885683629.59
78Venezuela9794062064.62
79Afghanistan9748946326.72
80Bosnia and Herzegovina9418858050.23
81Tunisia9343597097.76
82Myanmar9337819633.16
83Belarus8912194598.44
84Mauritius8506134285.1
85Honduras8036257488.96
86Lithuania7406410382.11
87Ecuador6907743954.5
88Panama6855505288.44
89Albania6515581527.6
90Iceland6402950468.76
91Nicaragua6104867094.01
92Sri Lanka6093946546.37
93Trinidad and Tobago5601120709.16
94Mongolia5507944030.51
95Moldova5483515866.87
96North Macedonia5251936213.51
97Latvia5141113061.28
98DR Congo5104181646.55
99Kyrgyzstan5088723593.74
100Tanzania5049646420.48
101Bahrain4948702759.13
102Cameroon4882047276.68
103Jamaica4868643492.72
104Georgia4447216641.42
105Brunei4414307817.05
106Papua New Guinea3901331641.41
107Mozambique3842855300.7
108Ethiopia3784387425.19
109El Salvador3704746691.23
110Armenia3685220142.95
111Ghana3623904994.59
112Botswana3455661776.34
113Uganda3358514649.9
114Namibia3355524014.61
115Croatia3335632832.65
116Tajikistan3303825209.69
117Zambia3173177777.14
118Slovenia2832429184.63
119Luxembourg2789495616.04
120Madagascar2784591092.62
121Haiti2717628883.16
122Bahamas2511681591.43
123Rwanda2406450701.62
124Cyprus2087536372.48
125Estonia2074707140.31
126Mauritania2038562789.4
127Bolivia1977025889.31
128Guinea1887171051.4
129Laos1769745792.21
130Montenegro1741494536.64
131Suriname1632317813.4
132Barbados1605919490.52
133Fiji1599606710.18
134Equatorial Guinea1538461553.77
135Aruba1,468,151,730
136Gabon1447408422.7
137Malta1417638671.81
138Palestine1,328,000,000
139Kosovo1310096686.96
140Yemen1250826378.54
141Chad1049788251.3
142Guyana1009772163.61
143Lesotho1007862057.2
144Bhutan941017689.21
145San Marino836088074.05
146Cabo Verde783105557.83
147Seychelles773677575.74
148Timor-Leste736966607.08
149Republic of Congo715391052.36
150Solomon Islands688220066.97
151Maldives673885912.69
152Vanuatu614649778.92
153Liberia599660417.53
154Malawi594498493.62
155Gambia577028229.49
156Samoa507740280.94
157Belize498087320.74
158Micronesia497434120.42
159Sierra Leone495698793.82
160Zimbabwe484972804.73
161Central African Republic479592712.61
162Eswatini479261051.17
163Grenada423263143.57
164Saint Lucia406063791.48
165Tonga377298748.75
166Antigua and Barbuda358440631.72
167Djibouti348725427.27
168Comoros323945586.38
169Saint Vincent and the Grenadines316823948.57
170Saint Kitts and Nevis294747744.69
171Cayman Islands234,000,000
172Eritrea191694416.4
173Sudan177933851.81
174Dominica155971242.02
175Burundi90349885.18
176South Sudan72880855.22
177Sao Tome and Principe46247347.89

Analysis

Total reserves measures the stock of external assets held by monetary authorities, expressed in current US dollars. The World Bank defines reserve assets as external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). The indicator code is FI.RES.TOTL.CD, sourced from World Bank World Development Indicators for the data year 2024. Coverage spans 177 countries, with 173 of 177 (97.7%) having data from the last seven years and 100% of datapoints rated official quality. The viability check identified 22 extreme outliers at the 3-sigma threshold, reflecting the extreme skew of this distribution.

The top of the ranking is heavily concentrated among large economies and major commodity exporters. China (rank 1) holds $3.46 trillion, Japan (rank 2) $1.23 trillion, and the United States (rank 3) $910.0 billion, closely followed by Switzerland (rank 4) at $909.4 billion. India (rank 5) holds $643.0 billion and the Russian Federation (rank 6) $597.2 billion. Saudi Arabia (rank 7) at $463.9 billion, Hong Kong SAR (rank 8) at $425.6 billion, Korea (rank 9) at $418.2 billion, and Singapore (rank 10) at $384.0 billion round out the top ten. High reserve totals at this tier reflect combinations of large trade volumes, commodity revenues, and currency management practices visible in the data.

The middle of the ranking shows notable variation by region and country size. Poland (rank 18) holds $223.1 billion, placing it ahead of the United Kingdom (rank 20) at $174.6 billion. Libya (rank 30) at $92.9 billion ranks above Viet Nam (rank 31) at $83.1 billion and Norway (rank 33) at $81.2 billion. Lebanon (rank 55) appears at $33.3 billion despite well-documented fiscal stress visible in its ranking position. At the lower end, Burundi (rank 175) holds $90.3 million, South Sudan (rank 176) $72.9 million, and Sao Tome and Principe (rank 177) $46.2 million, reflecting the thin reserve buffers of the smallest and least-resourced economies.

Several data limitations apply to this metric. The 2024 data year achieves only 76.3% coverage for the latest year, with the remainder drawing on prior years, which may reduce comparability across countries. Reserve levels can shift rapidly due to exchange rate movements, since reserves are reported in current US dollars and currency fluctuations affect the reported value of non-dollar assets. The metric includes monetary gold at market or official valuations, which introduces additional volatility given gold price changes. Some territories and special administrative regions such as Hong Kong SAR (rank 8) and Macao SAR (rank 58) are listed separately from mainland China. Reserves also do not capture the full external position of a country, including liabilities or sovereign wealth fund assets that may be held outside the official reserve framework.

Methodology

Data source: World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator code FI.RES.TOTL.CD. Data year: 2024. Unit: absolute value in current US dollars. Higher values indicate larger reserve holdings. The source defines reserve assets as external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Coverage: 177 countries. Recency: 173 of 177 (97.7%) have data from the last seven years; 135 of 177 (76.3%) have data from the latest year (2024). Data quality: 100% of datapoints are rated official. Outliers: 22 extreme outliers identified at the 3-sigma threshold. Average year-over-year change: 22.2%. Value range: $46.2 million (Sao Tome and Principe, rank 177) to $3.46 trillion (China, rank 1), a spread of approximately 7,472,814.6%.

Sources

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