Countries by Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)

Qatar ranks first in gross domestic savings at 67.63% of GDP, while Kiribati sits last at -69.16%, a spread of nearly 137 percentage points. Ireland (rank 2, 60.55%) and Singapore (rank 3, 57.92%) round out the top three. That range reflects how differently economies balance production, consumption, and external dependency.

Economy category

Ranking 2024

Values shown in %.

Countries by Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)
Rank	Country	%
1	Qatar	67.63
2	Ireland	60.55
3	Singapore	57.92
4	Macao	56.38
5	Gabon	56.25
6	Brunei	48.59
7	Luxembourg	47.64
8	San Marino	47.59
9	Bahrain	45.95
10	Bermuda	45.16
11	China	43.44
12	United Arab Emirates	42.91
13	Oman	42.14
14	Iran	41.45
15	Iraq	41.34
16	Algeria	40.67
17	Zambia	39.29
18	Republic of Congo	39.22
19	Panama	38.58
20	Chad	38.47
21	Tanzania	37.91
22	Malta	37.77
23	Norway	37.76
24	Vietnam	37.25
25	Switzerland	37.21
26	Kuwait	37.10
27	Kazakhstan	36.93
28	Indonesia	36.87
29	Mongolia	35.09
30	Aruba	34.50
31	Cambodia	34.40
32	South Korea	34.03
33	Saudi Arabia	33.78
34	Denmark	33.45
35	Libya	33.21
36	Czechia	32.56
37	Mauritania	32.30
38	Benin	32.10
39	Russia	32.08
40	Faroe Islands	31.53
41	Türkiye	31.27
42	Maldives	30.75
43	Netherlands	30.70
44	Azerbaijan	30.20
45	DR Congo	29.50
46	India	28.63
47	Sweden	28.09
48	Hungary	27.74
49	Slovenia	27.71
50	Malaysia	27.27
51	Chile	26.83
52	Niger	26.72
53	Australia	26.42
54	Austria	26.27
55	Israel	25.90
56	Greenland	25.70
57	Lithuania	25.59
58	Estonia	25.55
59	Spain	25.33
60	Japan	25.31
61	Germany	25.28
62	Thailand	25.10
63	Iceland	25.05
64	Peru	25.02
65	Italy	24.76
66	Sri Lanka	24.33
67	Cyprus	24.32
68	Belarus	24.20
69	Belgium	24.11
70	Bangladesh	23.96
71	Uganda	23.91
72	Canada	22.97
73	Bulgaria	22.94
74	Bahamas	22.79
75	Finland	22.78
76	Botswana	22.59
77	Angola	22.54
78	Portugal	22.21
79	Morocco	21.88
80	Ecuador	21.84
81	Poland	21.80
82	Côte d'Ivoire	21.66
83	Costa Rica	21.40
84	France	21.19
85	Armenia	21.02
86	Dominican Republic	20.75
87	Uruguay	20.65
88	Serbia	20.47
89	New Zealand	20.45
90	Paraguay	20.41
91	Laos	20.33
92	Bhutan	20.31
93	Slovakia	19.88
94	Hong Kong	19.87
95	Croatia	19.78
96	Belize	19.77
97	Latvia	19.30
98	Romania	18.99
99	Equatorial Guinea	18.74
100	Senegal	18.72
101	Mexico	18.57
102	Burkina Faso	18.54
103	Argentina	18.40
104	United Kingdom	18.32
105	Burundi	18.31
106	Uzbekistan	18.10
107	Albania	18.07
108	Rwanda	18.06
109	North Macedonia	17.63
110	Brazil	17.27
111	Guinea	17.11
112	United States	17.11
113	Georgia	16.67
114	Mauritius	16.32
115	South Africa	16.17
116	Cameroon	15.85
117	Eswatini	15.00
118	Puerto Rico	14.75
119	Mali	14.75
120	Sierra Leone	14.44
121	Ethiopia	14.25
122	Bolivia	13.84
123	Madagascar	13.77
124	South Sudan	13.50
125	Togo	12.94
126	Greece	12.74
127	Venezuela	12.54
128	Curaçao	12.29
129	Colombia	12.00
130	Djibouti	11.85
131	Kenya	11.22
132	Ghana	11.18
133	Bosnia and Herzegovina	11.15
134	New Caledonia	10.03
135	Guinea-Bissau	9.80
136	Philippines	9.35
137	Mozambique	7.67
138	Samoa	7.41
139	Nicaragua	7.09
140	Pakistan	6.37
141	Nepal	6.22
142	Egypt	6.15
143	Jordan	5.30
144	Cabo Verde	4.88
145	Gambia	4.21
146	Kosovo	3.67
147	Zimbabwe	3.46
148	Montenegro	3.43
149	Sudan	2.33
150	Tunisia	1.56
151	Vanuatu	1.28
152	El Salvador	1.21
153	Guatemala	1.13
154	Tajikistan	-0.24
155	Ukraine	-0.29
156	Namibia	-0.73
157	Seychelles	-0.86
158	Honduras	-1.52
159	U.S. Virgin Islands	-3.32
160	Malawi	-4.22
161	Moldova	-4.71
162	Haiti	-5.51
163	French Polynesia	-5.71
164	Kyrgyzstan	-6.31
165	Central African Republic	-6.99
166	Solomon Islands	-8.10
167	Comoros	-12.81
168	Cuba	-15.71
169	Palestine	-16.21
170	Syria	-17.52
171	Afghanistan	-19.29
172	Marshall Islands	-21.83
173	Palau	-22.54
174	Tonga	-24.91
175	Lesotho	-28.45
176	Yemen	-32.39
177	Somalia	-41.15
178	Lebanon	-41.21
179	Timor-Leste	-44.21
180	Kiribati	-69.16

Analysis

Gross domestic savings measure the share of GDP remaining after final consumption expenditure is subtracted. As defined by the source: gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption), expressed as a percentage of GDP, which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. A higher value means a larger share of national income is retained rather than consumed. The 2024 dataset covers 180 countries, with 176 of 180 (97.8%) reporting data from the last seven years and 100% of data points classified as official. Twenty extreme outliers were identified using a 3-standard-deviation threshold, and the average year-over-year change was 49.8%, just below the 50% volatility flag threshold.

The top of the ranking is dominated by hydrocarbon exporters and financial entrepots. Qatar leads at 67.63% (rank 1), followed by Ireland at 60.55% (rank 2), Singapore at 57.92% (rank 3), Macao SAR China at 56.38% (rank 4), and Gabon at 56.25% (rank 5). Brunei Darussalam (rank 6, 48.59%), Luxembourg (rank 7, 47.64%), and Bahrain (rank 9, 45.95%) also appear in the top ten. China ranks 11th at 43.44%, reflecting a high national savings rate relative to consumption. Among larger emerging economies, Kazakhstan (rank 27, 36.93%), Indonesia (rank 28, 36.87%), and India (rank 46, 28.63%) post notably high figures relative to their income levels.

The middle of the ranking includes a broad mix of high-income and developing economies. The United States ranks 112th at 17.11%, and the United Kingdom ranks 104th at 18.32%, both well below the global median. Greece ranks 126th at 12.74%. Negative values begin at rank 154, with Tajikistan at -0.24% and Ukraine at -0.29%, indicating that consumption exceeds total domestic output. At the bottom, Kiribati records -69.16% (rank 180), Timor-Leste -44.21% (rank 179), and Lebanon -41.21% (rank 178). Countries with deeply negative savings rates are heavily reliant on external transfers, aid, or remittances to sustain consumption above domestic output.

Several limitations apply to this metric. Gross domestic savings do not distinguish between household, corporate, and government savings, so the aggregate figure can mask very different internal dynamics. High values in small or resource-dependent economies such as Qatar, Macao, and Brunei can reflect concentrated sectoral output rather than broad-based thrift. The metric is sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices and exchange rates, which can cause large year-over-year swings, as suggested by the 49.8% average annual change in this dataset. Coverage gaps exist: 4 of 180 countries lack recent data, and some values for conflict-affected states carry elevated uncertainty. Negative savings rates in fragile states may reflect aid inflows recorded in the current account rather than a structural feature of domestic production.

Methodology

Data are drawn from the World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator code NY.GDS.TOTL.ZS, for the reference year 2024. The metric is defined as follows: gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption), expressed as a percentage of GDP, which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. The ranking covers 180 countries. Of these, 176 (97.8%) have data from within the last seven years, and 100% of data points are classified as official quality. Twenty extreme outliers were flagged using a 3-standard-deviation threshold. The value range extends from -69.16% (Kiribati, rank 180) to 67.63% (Qatar, rank 1), a spread of 197.8%. The average year-over-year change across the dataset is 49.8%, just below the 50% volatility threshold. Data for the latest year (2024) are available for 156 of 180 countries (86.7%), with the remainder using the most recent available prior year.

Sources

World Bank