Countries by Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

Kiribati ranks 1st with final consumption expenditure at 169.2% of GDP, meaning spending by households, government, and other resident units far exceeds domestic output. At the other end, Qatar records 32.4%, the lowest of 180 countries measured. The 136-percentage-point gap between these two extremes reflects the wide structural differences in how economies generate and spend income.

Economy category

Ranking 2024

Values shown in %.

Countries by Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Rank	Country	%
1	Kiribati	169.16
2	Timor-Leste	144.21
3	Lebanon	141.21
4	Somalia	141.15
5	Yemen	132.39
6	Lesotho	128.45
7	Tonga	124.91
8	Palau	122.54
9	Marshall Islands	121.83
10	Afghanistan	119.29
11	Syria	117.52
12	Palestine	116.21
13	Cuba	115.71
14	Comoros	112.81
15	Solomon Islands	108.10
16	Central African Republic	106.99
17	Kyrgyzstan	106.31
18	French Polynesia	105.71
19	Haiti	105.51
20	Moldova	104.71
21	Malawi	104.22
22	U.S. Virgin Islands	103.32
23	Honduras	101.52
24	Seychelles	100.86
25	Namibia	100.73
26	Ukraine	100.29
27	Tajikistan	100.24
28	Guatemala	98.87
29	El Salvador	98.79
30	Vanuatu	98.72
31	Tunisia	98.44
32	Sudan	97.67
33	Montenegro	96.57
34	Zimbabwe	96.54
35	Kosovo	96.33
36	Gambia	95.79
37	Cabo Verde	95.12
38	Jordan	94.70
39	Egypt	93.85
40	Nepal	93.78
41	Pakistan	93.63
42	Nicaragua	92.91
43	Samoa	92.59
44	Mozambique	92.33
45	Philippines	90.65
46	Guinea-Bissau	90.20
47	New Caledonia	89.97
48	Bosnia and Herzegovina	88.85
49	Ghana	88.82
50	Kenya	88.78
51	Djibouti	88.15
52	Colombia	88.00
53	Curaçao	87.71
54	Venezuela	87.46
55	Greece	87.26
56	Togo	87.06
57	South Sudan	86.50
58	Madagascar	86.23
59	Bolivia	86.16
60	Ethiopia	85.75
61	Sierra Leone	85.56
62	Mali	85.25
63	Puerto Rico	85.25
64	Eswatini	85.00
65	Cameroon	84.15
66	South Africa	83.83
67	Mauritius	83.68
68	Georgia	83.33
69	United States	82.89
70	Guinea	82.89
71	Brazil	82.73
72	North Macedonia	82.37
73	Rwanda	81.94
74	Albania	81.93
75	Uzbekistan	81.90
76	Burundi	81.69
77	United Kingdom	81.68
78	Argentina	81.60
79	Burkina Faso	81.46
80	Mexico	81.43
81	Senegal	81.28
82	Equatorial Guinea	81.26
83	Romania	81.01
84	Latvia	80.70
85	Belize	80.23
86	Croatia	80.22
87	Hong Kong	80.13
88	Slovakia	80.12
89	Bhutan	79.69
90	Laos	79.67
91	Paraguay	79.59
92	New Zealand	79.55
93	Serbia	79.53
94	Uruguay	79.35
95	Dominican Republic	79.25
96	Armenia	78.98
97	France	78.81
98	Costa Rica	78.60
99	Côte d'Ivoire	78.34
100	Poland	78.20
101	Ecuador	78.16
102	Morocco	78.12
103	Portugal	77.79
104	Angola	77.46
105	Botswana	77.41
106	Finland	77.22
107	Bahamas	77.21
108	Bulgaria	77.06
109	Canada	77.03
110	Uganda	76.09
111	Bangladesh	76.04
112	Belgium	75.89
113	Belarus	75.80
114	Cyprus	75.68
115	Sri Lanka	75.67
116	Italy	75.24
117	Peru	74.98
118	Iceland	74.95
119	Thailand	74.90
120	Germany	74.72
121	Japan	74.69
122	Spain	74.67
123	Estonia	74.45
124	Lithuania	74.41
125	Greenland	74.30
126	Israel	74.10
127	Austria	73.73
128	Australia	73.58
129	Niger	73.28
130	Chile	73.17
131	Malaysia	72.73
132	Slovenia	72.29
133	Hungary	72.26
134	Sweden	71.91
135	India	71.37
136	DR Congo	70.50
137	Azerbaijan	69.80
138	Netherlands	69.30
139	Maldives	69.25
140	Türkiye	68.73
141	Faroe Islands	68.47
142	Russia	67.92
143	Benin	67.90
144	Mauritania	67.70
145	Czechia	67.44
146	Libya	66.79
147	Denmark	66.55
148	Saudi Arabia	66.22
149	South Korea	65.97
150	Cambodia	65.60
151	Aruba	65.50
152	Mongolia	64.91
153	Indonesia	63.13
154	Kazakhstan	63.07
155	Kuwait	62.90
156	Switzerland	62.79
157	Vietnam	62.75
158	Norway	62.24
159	Malta	62.23
160	Tanzania	62.09
161	Chad	61.53
162	Panama	61.42
163	Republic of Congo	60.78
164	Zambia	60.71
165	Algeria	59.33
166	Iraq	58.66
167	Iran	58.55
168	Oman	57.86
169	United Arab Emirates	57.09
170	China	56.56
171	Bermuda	54.84
172	Bahrain	54.05
173	San Marino	52.41
174	Luxembourg	52.36
175	Brunei	51.41
176	Gabon	43.75
177	Macao	43.62
178	Singapore	42.08
179	Ireland	39.45
180	Qatar	32.37

Analysis

Final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP measures expenditure on goods and services by resident institutional units for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective, covering households, general government, the central bank, and non-profit institutions serving households, expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product. A value above 100% indicates that an economy consumes more than it produces domestically, financed by net imports, aid, remittances, or drawdowns on savings. The data comes from the World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator code NE.CON.TOTL.ZS, for reference year 2024. The dataset covers 180 countries, 176 of which (97.8%) have data from the last seven years, and 100% of data points are classified as official. The viability check identified 20 extreme outliers beyond three standard deviations, and the metric's range runs from 32.4% to 169.2%, a spread of 422.5%.

The top of the ranking is dominated by small island economies and conflict-affected states. Kiribati leads at 169.2% (rank 1), followed by Timor-Leste at 144.2% (rank 2), Lebanon at 141.2% (rank 3), and Somalia at 141.2% (rank 4). Yemen at 132.4% (rank 5), Lesotho at 128.4% (rank 6), Tonga at 124.9% (rank 7), and Palau at 122.5% (rank 8) round out the upper tier. Values above 100% are common through rank 27, with Tajikistan at 100.2% (rank 27) being the last country above that threshold. These economies share characteristics visible in the data: small or disrupted domestic production bases paired with high consumption relative to output.

The middle of the ranking clusters between roughly 75% and 85% of GDP, and includes several large advanced economies. The United States ranks 69th at 82.9%, the United Kingdom 77th at 81.7%, France 97th at 78.8%, and Germany 120th at 74.7%. Notably, Ireland ranks 179th at 39.5%, among the lowest globally despite being a high-income European country. Singapore ranks 178th at 42.1% and Luxembourg 174th at 52.4%. At the bottom, Qatar records 32.4% (rank 180), the lowest value in the dataset. These low-ranked economies show high investment or export shares relative to consumption within their GDP accounting.

Several data limitations apply to this metric. Values above 100% can reflect statistical discrepancies, subsidy flows, or aid that inflates measured consumption relative to GDP rather than genuine over-consumption. GDP itself may be understated in smaller or conflict-affected economies, mechanically pushing the ratio higher. The 2024 dataset achieves 86.7% consistency in the latest reference year, meaning roughly 13% of country values are carried forward from earlier years, which may not reflect current conditions. Comparability across countries is affected by differences in national accounting practices, the treatment of informal economies, and how government consumption is classified. The 20 extreme outliers flagged in the viability check warrant particular caution when interpreting rankings at both ends of the distribution.

Methodology

This ranking uses World Bank World Development Indicators data, indicator code NE.CON.TOTL.ZS, with a reference year of 2024. The metric is defined as: final consumption expenditure is expenditure on goods and services by resident institutional units for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. Final consumption expenditure can be measured for households, general government, the central bank and non-profit institutions serving households. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product. The dataset covers 180 countries. Of these, 176 (97.8%) have data from the last seven years, and 100% of data points are classified as official quality. The latest reference year (2024) has data for 156 of 180 countries (86.7%), with remaining values drawn from prior years. The viability check identified 20 extreme outliers at the three standard deviation threshold. The metric's range runs from 32.4% (Qatar) to 169.2% (Kiribati), a spread of 422.5%. Higher values indicate a larger share of economic output accounted for by consumption; values above 100% indicate consumption exceeds domestic production as measured by GDP.

Sources

World Bank